The total cost reduction of the HPS in different case studies, without the use of CI services is only 1% to 2%, while this reduction is about 6% to 7% by adding the CI facilities to the HPS. Furthermore, the efficient use of CI service results in less use of diesel generators even at sailing hours, reducing emissions and minimising the costs of supplying ship’s energy demand. In addition, using CI service instead of switching on auxiliary diesel generators in ports leads to a 3 h increase in charging and discharging times of the ESS. By optimal energy scheduling in a real hybrid cruise ship, the use of diesel generators gets minimised, due to the utilisation of PV and ESS. With such HPS aboard, the solar generated power is estimated accurately based on the navigation route. In this study, the shipboard hybrid power system (HPS) is proposed, including diesel generators, solar photovoltaic panels (PV), ESS and cold-ironing (CI) facilities for using SPS to efficiently supply the ship’s electrical demand. Therefore, the use of shore power system (SPS) together with renewable energies and energy storage systems (ESSs) can lead to many environmental benefits while ships are berthing in ports. There are many restrictions on shipping, which reduce or prohibit the use of diesel generators for feeding the energy demand of the electric ships, especially in ports. Finally, the features of the proposed converter are illustrated. The components, topologies and power control methods of the proposed MV frequency converter are presented.
The technologies of shore to ship power, especially frequency converter system are investigated. In this paper, firstly, the background of shore to ship power is introduced, including the overview of shore to ship power related regulations and standards. By using the proven converter technologies, the proposed shore to ship power solution can realize the frequency conversion smoothly with power range from 4 MV A to 120 MV A.
In this paper, PCS 6000, a medium voltage (MV) frequency converter, is introduced. Although some old technologies such as rotating motor/generator systems are capable to realize frequency conversion, the static frequency converter system has obvious advantages to serve as power supply today for its small size, high reliability, low losses and low civil work requirements. Because most ships operate with 60 Hz electricity whereas local grid in most parts of the world is 50 Hz, shore-to-ship power is required to transfer power between two different grid systems. Besides, there are also economical benefits of shore to ship power as costs related to fossil fuel consumption increase. A shore to ship power solution is attractive for port authorities and ship owners as it helps to reduce emissions in ports by connecting ships to the port electricity grid and turn off their diesel engines while at berth to improve air quality, reduce noise and vibrations in port areas. In the shipping industry, people are paying more attention on the emission issue of ships.
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